In a speech at harvard university on june 5, 1947, secretary of state george marshall suggested that, if european. Europe, still devastated by the war, had just survived one of the worst winters on record. Marshall spoke at harvard university and outlined what would become known as the marshall plan. The fiftieth anniversary of the marshall plan 4 george catlett li. George marshall, who had been named us secretary of. The marshall plan speech 1947 hblfa raumberggumpenstein. This speech initiated the postwar european aid program commonly known as the marshall plan. May 22, 2015 reflections on the marshall plan george c.
Aug 15, 2016 the marshall plan speech transcript of george c. Marshall delivered this speech at harvard university in june of 1947. On june 5, 1947 george marshall launched the program during harvard university graduation ceremony. Jun 05, 2011 the speech was drafted by chip bohlen, a russia specialist and interpreter who used memoranda from the director of the policy planning staff george f. The marshall plan 1947 what follows is the text of the speech given by united states secretary of state, george c. Bohlen, soviet expert and secretary marshalls interpreter, copies of william l.
The marshall plan speech at 70 and the lessons it can provide for. Provide an identification of the marshall plan who, what, when, where, why. Benn steil is senior fellow and director of international economics at the council on foreign relations. Marshall described the dangerous situations in europe and laid out the rationale for american involvement in nothing less than to lend a hand to help.
After many years of therapy, he pronounces a word right during speech and at home speech activities and he uses them in a sentence, however hes not carrying over with conversational speech. Commonlit marshall plan speech free reading passages. By the end of world war ii, most of europe was devastated, along with its economy. Today marks the 70th anniversary of the marshall plan speech given by us secretary of.
The marshall plan was the name given to the united states plan to rebuild europe after wwii. The marshall plan created a friendship between the u. The marshall plan, also called the european recovery plan, was enacted by the us in 1947 as a way to help rebuild europe after world war ii. It led to the creation of the organisation for european economic cooperation oeec on 16 april 1948, in order to meet marshalls request for some agreement among the. It is suitable for use in english and history classes. Marshall to rehabilitate the economies of 17 western and southern european countries in order to create stable conditions in which democratic institutions could survive. Commonlit marshall plan speech free reading passages and. Claytons the european crisis memorandum and the policy planning staffs recommendation dealing with the question of aid to western europe. Chapter pharmacology of muscle relaxants and their. After world war ii europe was devastated not only physically but economically as well. Marshall plan, formally european recovery program 194851, u. The marshall plan was a rational effort by the united states aimed. Singh distinguished non resident senior fellow asia program. Marshall plan, 1948 in the immediate postworld war ii period, europe remained ravaged by war and thus susceptible to exploitation by an internal and external communist threat.
At milestone documents, we believe that engaging with historys original voices is exciting for students and liberating for instructors. Though there were many people involved in the policy, marshall was the secretary of state at the time, and so he was the most visible and powerful person directly advocating this course of action. The united states would provide friendly aid in drafting the plan, but this was really the business. The us, also terrified that communist groups would gain further powerthe cold war was emerging and soviet domination of europe seemed a real dangerand wishing to secure european markets, opted for a program of financial aid. Domestic conditions in great britain were meager, while conditions in france were equally as bad. At milestone documents, we believe that engaging with historys original voices is exciting for students and liberating for. From american plan to european union by helmut schmidt.
There was a lack of coal, steel, electrical power, railroad cars, locomotives, trucks, oil, and grain. George marshall in harvard yard on the afternoon of june 5, 1947. Solved read the excerpts from the marshall plan speech. Bohlen then prepared the first draft of the address, adding a few thoughts of my own. Marshall plan speech, june 5, 1947, harvard university transcript from recording background the marshall plan, officially known as the european recovery program, is generally considered one of, if not the, most successful american foreign policy initiative. As a direct result, contributed greatly to the rebuilding of europes economy. The marshall plan north hunterdonvoorhees regional high. Henry kissinger recalls the content of marshalls 1947 commencement address, which marked a historic departure in american foreign policy. The marshall plan was a massive program of aid from the united states to sixteen western and southern european countries, aimed at helping economic renewal and strengthening democracy after the devastation of world war ii. The marshall plan could have also provided support to other war torn continents. The marshall plan essaysafter the devastating effects of wwii, europes economic and social conditions where in shambles. With the truman administrations announcement of the marshall plan in june 1947, and the signing of the european recovery act on april 3, 1948, america stepped in to help europe regain its.
Created even more tension with russia for years to. Use the description of the marshall plan and the excerpt from marshalls speech to answer the following question s. Featuring 100 milestone documents of american history from the national archives. His previous book, the prizewinning battle of bretton woods. An effort to prevent the economic deterioration of postwar europe, expansion of communism, and. Marshall plan speech 1947 log in to see the full document and commentary. Marshall third from right talks with harvard president james bryant conant on the steps of widener library during harvards commencement in 1947. How would the ussr react to the speech by marshall. The text of the speech given by united states secretary of state, george c. The marshall plan speech at harvard university, 5 june. Toward a marshall plan for america center for american.
Below is text from the speech he gave at harvard university on 5 june 1947. Conant, members of the board of overseers, ladies and gentlemen. The marshall plan speech video presentation by the. The retired fivestar general, credited during world war ii with organizing the fastest and biggest military buildup in u. In a june 5, 1947, speech to the graduating class at harvard university, secretary of state george c. Marshall plan money helped stimulate the revival of european trade with the world and increased trade among european countries. Logos he also used logos as george spoke this division of labor is the basis of modern civilization. I have a dream that one day on the red hills of georgia son. For english teachers it offers a way to study paragraph development, the presentation of evidence, logic, and the structure of persuasive discourse. Congresss approval of the marshall plan signaled an extension of the bipartisanship of world war ii into the postwar years.
Henry kissinger recalls the content of marshall s 1947 commencement address, which marked a historic departure in american foreign policy. On april 3, 1948, president truman signed the economic recovery act of 1948. He was particularly famous for his leadership during wwii. The us, in fact, did invite the soviet union and the other eastern bloc countries to participate in the marshall plan, but they refused, most likely due to the fact that it would have allowed the us too much control over their economy. The marshall plan speech by george marshall 1947 i need not tell you, gentlemen, that the world situation is very. Iarshall 18801956 by jeanne holden 7 key dates for the marshall plan 8 the marshall plan speech 11 blueprint for recovery by michael. Transcript of marshall plan 1948 i need not tell you gentlemen that the world situation is very serious. Marshall, to propose that the usa should help to rebuild european economies by giving them massive sums of money. Lampson arguments and points that europe made against the marshall plan members of british parliament argued that the plan might lead to europe being integrated into a supranational political and economic union, which would. Read the excerpts from the marshall plan speech and answer the following question.
Marshall, secretary of state, at harvard university on june 5, 1947 delivered at 2. John maynard keynes, harry dexter white, and the making of a new world order, was called a triumph of economic and diplomatic history by the financial times, a. How would the us and its allies benefit from the marshall plan. Solved read the excerpts from the marshall plan speech and.
Transcript of marshall plan 1948 welcome to ourdocuments. The speech led to legislation that became known as the marshall plan, which provided aid to a europe devastated by world war ii. The united states of america and canada were the only major allied countries whose infrastructures were unscathed. Marshall on june 5, 1947, i am struck by their contemporary relevance and applicability to other, noneuropean situations.
Our flexible, affordable, entirely digital readers help you focus your classroom on primary sources. The simplest, and probably most accurate, answer is. The marshall plan rebuilding western europe after ww2. Who exactly was george marshall trying to lead when he made. Marshalls speech had deliberately included an invitation to the soviets to attend the meeting, as excluding them would have been a clear a. Marshall s speech to the harvard university alumni association on june 5, 1947. Learn the marshall plan with free interactive flashcards. Choose from 466 different sets of the marshall plan flashcards on quizlet. This lesson analyzes the 1947 speech in which secretary of state george marshall outlined americas plan to rebuild europe after world war ii. The american taxpayer who would ultimately be called upon to pay for the reconstruction program that came to be known as the marshall plan. The marshall plan for rebuilding western europe constitutional. On january 20, 1949, president truman, in his since famous four points spoke of u.
Marshall plan speech, june 5, 1947, harvard university transcript from recording background the marshall plan, officially known as the european recovery program, is generally considered one of, if not the, most successful american foreign policy initiative since world war ii. Click here to request a free trial account only available to college instructors primary source readers. Transcript of marshall plan 1948 the transcript of marshall plan delivered by president truman is below. The marshall plan launched in a speech delivered by secretary of state george marshall on june 5, 1947is considered by many to have been the most effective ever of u.
The marshall plan speech at harvard university, 5 june 1947. What were some of the problems facing europe at the end of world war ii. For the united states, the marshall plan provided markets for american goods, created reliable trading partners, and supported the development of stable democratic governments in western europe. The speech is generally known as the marshall plan speech, though it didnt have an official title when he delivered it. The mind behind the plan was george marshall, who was the us secretary of state at the time, although william clayton and george kennan are credited with writing the majority of the program.
June 5, 2017, marks the 70 th anniversary of the marshall planconsidered by many to be one of the most successful foreign policy initiatives and foreign aid programs ever undertaken by the united states. Morgan, and laird bell, president of the alumni association, who selected marshall as the speaker for the afternoon meeting of the harvard alumni association. In a speech at harvard university on june 5, 1947, secretary. The marshall plan called for the europeans to meet and create their own plan for rebuilding europe, and that the united states would then fund this plan. Marshall plan presentation by nick lampson on prezi. May 22, 2017 on june 5, 1947, secretary of state george c. Marshall stood on the steps of memorial church and delivered an address that changed the world.
The soviets were left out of the plan and the plan also hurt the influence of communism. Reading some of the comments and prescriptions outlined by then u. On june 5, 1947, secretary of state marshall made an innovative proposal in a speech at harvard. Marshall issued a call for a comprehensive program to rebuild europe. Includes images of original primary source documents, lesson plans, teacher and student competitions, and educational resources. This plan was publicized as a handup, not a hand out. I think one difficulty is that the problem is one of such enormous complexity that the very mass of facts presented to the public by press and radio make it exceedingly difficult for the man. Marshall s speech had deliberately included an invitation to the soviets to attend the meeting, as excluding them would have been a clear a. Marshalls speech to the harvard university alumni association on june 5, 1947. It led to the creation of the organisation for european economic cooperation oeec on 16 april 1948, in order to meet marshall s request for some agreement among the. Who exactly was george marshall trying to lead when he. The marshall plan significantly magnified their own efforts and reduced the suffering and time west europe took to recover from the war.
Announced on june 5th, 1947 by george marshall, the european recovery program, erp, called for a system of aid and loans, at first to all nations affected by the war. George catlett marshall 18801959 was an american soldier, the chief of staff of the united states army, secretary of state, and the third secretary of defense. The personal suffering and internal upheavals threatened chaos. I think one difficulty is that the problem is one of such enormous complexity that. In that speech, marshall outlined the need for an economic aid plan to help the devastated nations of europe and their citizens to recover from the ravages of world. The marshall plan speech at 70 and the lessons it can.
On the night of april 15, 1947, accompanied by smith and bohlen, who would act as translator, marshall made his way to the kremlin through. Few realized it at the time but the marshall plan speech, delivered by secretary of state. I need not tell you gentlemen that the world situation is very serious. When secretary of state marshall accepted an invitation from harvard to receive an. Pathos george used pathos to better his speech as george speaks our policy directed not against any country or doctrine. The plan was a great success as the countries were economically prosperous when the plan ended what was it the situation encouraged the american secretary of state, general george c. The reconstructive tools of history will be combined with an argumentative analysis provided by rhetorical criticism to better understand the design of the marshall plan speech and its national. At the present time it is threatened with breakdown. The cold war and the marshall plan national archives. I have a dream that one day this 11ation will rise up, live out the hue meaning of its creed. I am profoundly grateful, touched by the great distinction and honor and great compliment accorded me by the authorities of harvard this morning. Sas, a statistical analysis program, to give numerical values for the.
A customer crosses the street while leaving a shop along the main business district in prairie du chien, wisconsin, january 2017. The american thrust in the marshall plan was to export this version of modern neocapitalism to europe, cutting across the old national boundaries and divisions and replicating the american experience. My 5yearold has been in speech therapy since he was 2. It became known as the marshall plan, named for secretary of state george marshall, who in 1947 proposed that the united states provide economic assistance to restore the economic infrastructure of postwar europe. His slp tells me to correct him when he says a word wrong, but im correcting nearly every word he says which makes him get frustrated and. The cia and the marshall plan central intelligence agency.
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